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2013年6月3日 星期一

GUID Partition Table(GPT)



GPT header format (From Wiki)
Offset
Length
Contents
+0
8 bytes
Signature ("EFI PART", 45h 46h 49h 20h 50h 41h 52h 54h)
+8
4 bytes
Revision (for GPT version 1.0 (through at least UEFI version 2.3.1), the value is 00h 00h 01h 00h)
+12
4 bytes
Header size in little endian (in bytes, usually 5Ch 00h 00h 00h meaning 92 bytes)
+16
4 bytes
CRC32 of header (offset +0 up to header size), with this field zeroed during calculation
+20
4 bytes
Reserved; must be zero
+24
8 bytes
Current LBA (location of this header copy)
+32
8 bytes
Backup LBA (location of the other header copy)
+40
8 bytes
First usable LBA for partitions (primary partition table last LBA + 1)
+48
8 bytes
Last usable LBA (secondary partition table first LBA - 1)
+56
16 bytes
Disk GUID (also referred as UUID on UNIXes)
+72
8 bytes
Starting LBA of array of partition entries (always 2 in primary copy)
+80
4 bytes
Number of partition entries in array
+84
4 bytes
Size of a single partition entry (usually 128)
+88
4 bytes
CRC32 of partition array
+92
*
Reserved; must be zeroes for the rest of the block (420 bytes for a sector size of 512 bytes; but can be more with larger sector sizes)
LBA size
Total
  
GUID partition entry format
Offset
Length
Contents
0
16 bytes
Partition type GUID
16
16 bytes
Unique partition GUID
32
8 bytes
First LBA (little endian)
40
8 bytes
Last LBA (inclusive, usually odd)
48
8 bytes
Attribute flags (e.g. bit 60 denotes read-only)
56
72 bytes
Partition name (36 UTF-16LE code units)
128
Total


Partition attributes
Bit
Content
0
System partition (disk partitioning utilities must preserve the partition as is)
2
Legacy BIOS bootable (equivalent to active flag (typically bit 7 set) at offset +0h in partition entries of the MBR partition table)
60
Read-only
62
Hidden
63
Do not automount (i.e., do not assign drive letter)




2011年10月13日 星期四

Disk Signature -- MBR


Structure of a master boot record
AddressDescriptionSize in bytes
HexOctDec
000000000code area440
(max. 446)
01B80670440disk signature (optional)4
01BC0674444Usually nulls; 0x00002
01BE0676446Table of primary partitions
(Four 16-byte entries, IBM partition table scheme)
64
01FE077651055hMBR signature;
0xAA55
2
01FF0777511AAh
MBR, total size: 446 + 64 + 2 =512


The Table is from Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record

2011年5月27日 星期五

磁碟分割表(GPT)(MBR)(EMBR)

GUID Partition Table(GPT): (未來主流,最大支援(Max 64bits))EFI/UEFI, Windows 7 64bits, Windows 2008 64bits, Windows Vista 64bits ...等
[相關文章]

Master Boot Record (MBR): (當前主流,最大支援2T(Max 32bits))Dos, Windows 7 32bits, Windows XP 32bits/64bits, Windows 2003, Linux ... 等
[相關文章]
Extended Master Boot Record(EMBR): 
[相關文章]


2011年5月24日 星期二

Master Bootstrap Loader(磁區開機啟動程式)

static const char MasterBootstrapLoader[512] = {
    0x33, 0xC0, 0x8E, 0xD0, 0xBC, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xFB, 0x50, 0x07, 0x50, 0x1F, 0xFC, 0xBE, 0x1B, 0x7C,         /* 0x00F */
    0xBF, 0x1B, 0x06, 0x50, 0x57, 0xB9, 0xE5, 0x01, 0xF3, 0xA4, 0xCB, 0xBD, 0xBE, 0x07, 0xB1, 0x04,         /* 0x01F */
    0x38, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x09, 0x75, 0x13, 0x83, 0xC5, 0x10, 0xE2, 0xF4, 0xCD, 0x18, 0x8B, 0xF5,         /* 0x02F */
    0x83, 0xC6, 0x10, 0x49, 0x74, 0x19, 0x38, 0x2C, 0x74, 0xF6, 0xA0, 0xB5, 0x07, 0xB4, 0x07, 0x8B,         /* 0x03F */
    0xF0, 0xAC, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x74, 0xFC, 0xBB, 0x07, 0x00, 0xB4, 0x0E, 0xCD, 0x10, 0xEB, 0xF2, 0x88,         /* 0x04F */
    0x4E, 0x10, 0xE8, 0x46, 0x00, 0x73, 0x2A, 0xFE, 0x46, 0x10, 0x80, 0x7E, 0x04, 0x0B, 0x74, 0x0B,         /* 0x05F */
    0x80, 0x7E, 0x04, 0x0C, 0x74, 0x05, 0xA0, 0xB6, 0x07, 0x75, 0xD2, 0x80, 0x46, 0x02, 0x06, 0x83,         /* 0x06F */
    0x46, 0x08, 0x06, 0x83, 0x56, 0x0A, 0x00, 0xE8, 0x21, 0x00, 0x73, 0x05, 0xA0, 0xB6, 0x07, 0xEB,         /* 0x07F */
    0xBC, 0x81, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0x7D, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x74, 0x0B, 0x80, 0x7E, 0x10, 0x00, 0x74, 0xC8, 0xA0,         /* 0x08F */
    0xB7, 0x07, 0xEB, 0xA9, 0x8B, 0xFC, 0x1E, 0x57, 0x8B, 0xF5, 0xCB, 0xBF, 0x05, 0x00, 0x8A, 0x56,         /* 0x09F */
    0x00, 0xB4, 0x08, 0xCD, 0x13, 0x72, 0x23, 0x8A, 0xC1, 0x24, 0x3F, 0x98, 0x8A, 0xDE, 0x8A, 0xFC,         /* 0x0AF */
    0x43, 0xF7, 0xE3, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x86, 0xD6, 0xB1, 0x06, 0xD2, 0xEE, 0x42, 0xF7, 0xE2, 0x39, 0x56,         /* 0x0BF */
    0x0A, 0x77, 0x23, 0x72, 0x05, 0x39, 0x46, 0x08, 0x73, 0x1C, 0xB8, 0x01, 0x02, 0xBB, 0x00, 0x7C,         /* 0x0CF */
    0x8B, 0x4E, 0x02, 0x8B, 0x56, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x13, 0x73, 0x51, 0x4F, 0x74, 0x4E, 0x32, 0xE4, 0x8A,         /* 0x0DF */
    0x56, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x13, 0xEB, 0xE4, 0x8A, 0x56, 0x00, 0x60, 0xBB, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xB4, 0x41, 0xCD,         /* 0x0EF */
    0x13, 0x72, 0x36, 0x81, 0xFB, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x75, 0x30, 0xF6, 0xC1, 0x01, 0x74, 0x2B, 0x61, 0x60,         /* 0x0FF */
    0x6A, 0x00, 0x6A, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x76, 0x0A, 0xFF, 0x76, 0x08, 0x6A, 0x00, 0x68, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x6A,         /* 0x10F */
    0x01, 0x6A, 0x10, 0xB4, 0x42, 0x8B, 0xF4, 0xCD, 0x13, 0x61, 0x61, 0x73, 0x0E, 0x4F, 0x74, 0x0B,         /* 0x11F */
    0x32, 0xE4, 0x8A, 0x56, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x13, 0xEB, 0xD6, 0x61, 0xF9, 0xC3, 0x49, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x61,         /* 0x12F */
    0x6C, 0x69, 0x64, 0x20, 0x70, 0x61, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0x20, 0x74, 0x61,         /* 0x13F */
    0x62, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x00, 0x45, 0x72, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x20, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x6E,         /* 0x14F */
    0x67, 0x20, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x20, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x74,         /* 0x15F */
    0x65, 0x6D, 0x00, 0x4D, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x20, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61,         /* 0x16F */
    0x74, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x20, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x17F */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x18F */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x19F */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x1AF */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x44, 0x63, 0xF0, 0x38, 0x4A, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x1BF */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x1CF */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x1DF */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,         /* 0x1EF */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0xAA,         /* 0x1FF */
};

0x55, 0xAA: Signature.
The parts of red are the Master Boot Record (MBR).

CHS <=> LBA

/*
目前Windows XP與一些DOS下的分割程式仍然使用Cylinder aligned,在Windows 7下就改換成LBA aligned.


CHS (cylinder/head/sector) 的組合可以對應到LBA address使用下列公式:

 LBA = ((C * HPC) + H ) * SPT + S - 1

* C, H and S are the cylinder number, the head number, and the sector number
* LBA is the logical block address
* HPC(255) is the maximum number of heads per cylinder (reported by disk drive, typically 16 for 28-bit LBA)
* SPT(63) is the maximum number of sectors per track (reported by disk drive, typically 63 for 28-bit LBA)

LBA addresses can be mapped to CHS tuples with the following formula:

 C = LBA / (SPT X HPC)
 H = (LBA / SPT) % HPC
 S = (LBA % SPT) + 1
*/

#define MAX_HEADS   255
#define MAX_SECTORS 63
#define MAX_CYLINDER 1023


#define CHS_HEAD(LBA) (((LBA) / MAX_SECTORS) % MAX_HEADS)
#define CHS_SECTOR(LBA) (((LBA) % MAX_SECTORS) + 1)
#define CHS_CYLINDER(LBA) ((LBA) / (MAX_SECTORS * MAX_HEADS))


#define CYLINDER_TO_LBA(cylinder) ((cylinder) * MAX_SECTORS * MAX_HEADS)

2011年5月5日 星期四

Master Boot Record (MBR) [主要開機紀錄]

Master Boot Record (MBR)[主要開機紀錄]在x86電腦是一個分割磁區位於硬碟的第一個磁區(C/H/S=0/0/1). MBR佔用正好一個磁區(512 bytes)。
CHS(Cylinder-Head-Sector)
LBA(Logical block addressing)



Partition sector(分割磁區)
每個分割需求附帶分割磁區。分割磁區描述這劃分,換言,它包含的資訊像是分割區的開始與結束,還有分割型態。所有分割磁區有相同的結構,請看format of partition sector(分割磁區格式)。
MBR是一般的分割磁區作為主要跟延伸劃分。相反地,每個邏輯磁碟適用於一個隔離的分割磁區,它描述在操作上的邏輯分割與在其他的操作上包含分割磁區的位置,當作下一個邏輯的磁碟。


Boot Sectot(開機磁區)
開機磁區是一個可啟動作業系統分割的起始磁區。開機磁區包含一個小程式。當這程式被載入,然後執行開機對應其作業系統。開機磁區的內容與格式取決於作業系統。某種開機磁區可因此只被使用於開起一種特殊作業系統,但對於其他作業系統將沒有開機的功能。

Format of partition sector(分割磁區的格式)
一個分割磁區描述一個或多個分割。那就是,它包含資訊關於分割的位置、容量、型態。


所有分割磁區有完全相同格式(如下圖)。它應該被提到,不管怎樣,那開機載入程式是只能存在於MBR分割磁區。在此分割磁區對於邏輯磁碟這個開機載入程式將是空白的。


分隔磁區 (長度 512 bytes)
Offset Bytes Meaning
000h 446 boot loader code(開機載入程式)
1BEh 16 1. partition entry(分割欄位1)
1CEh 16 2. partition entry(分割欄位2)
1DEh 16 3. partition entry(分割欄位3)
1EEh 16 4. partition entry(分割欄位4)
1FEh 2 signature 標記 (55h AAh)
Partition entry 分割欄位 (長度 16 bytes)

偏移 位元組  Meaning
00h   1       80h = active partition / 00h = not active
01h   1       begin of partition (head number)
02h   1       begin of partition (sector number) [*]
03h   1       begin of partition (cylinder number) [*]
04h   1       partition ID(分割型態碼)
05h   1       end of partition (head number)
06h   1       end of partition (sector number) [*]
07h   1       end of partition (cylinder number) [*]
08h   4       rel. sectors (# sec. to begin of partition)
0Ch   4       number of sectors in partition

[*] Remark 註記

位元組(byte)為磁區數量(Offset 2 resp.6)包含CHS磁區數量在位元0~5。因此在CHS格式中磁區數量佔領6個位元。這剩餘兩個位元6+7屬於CHS磁柱數量,它們意味著CHS磁柱數量高位元8+9。位元組(byte)為磁柱數量(offset 3 resp.7)包含CHS磁柱數量這低位元0-7。因此在CHS格式中磁柱數量佔用10位元。

位元組(byte)在偏移位址0詳細指名這分割是活動中或不是。在標準開機處理(沒有開機管理程式)分個被標記當作活動是讓開機自動地。


顯然的這裡有兩個方法去指示分割位置。那就是CHS與LBA格式。在CHS格式中,分割位置被具體指明經由cylinder(磁柱)/head(磁頭)/sector(磁區)數量,這三個欄位也指示開始與結束的分割區(分別為24位元)。在LBA格式中,分割位置被具體指明經由相關磁區(起始磁區)與磁區數量總計(分別為32位元)。

關於磁碟容量8G用CHS格式24位元就足以說明所有的分割。

對於大磁碟此24位元不再足夠。LBA 32位元允許全磁碟磁區的定址空間上升到2048 GB(2TB)的最大磁碟空間。跟當今典型磁碟容量(50-100GB)此上限以被提升(20~40倍)。

x86 Boot Process(開機處理)
當x86機器第一次開啟,系統BIOS檢查對於特殊的系統參數,路如機器上的RAM容量、日期與時間,目前的磁碟裝置,還有會檢查這些可開機磁碟的順序。通常BIOS被配置檢查機器的軟碟機或光碟機(或許兩者都有),在此之前嘗試的從硬碟開機。如果無法開機的媒體被找到在可移動的裝置上,BIOS通常轉向第一個硬碟的第一個磁區為了指令可以找到並載入作業系統的地方。這第一個磁區-MBR-開始載入處理一個預選的作業系統,一個作業系統的GRUB選單選取,或是一個GRUB命令列的介面去執行一個特殊的項目。


GRUB的載入處理,然後是作業系統,涉及幾個作業步驟:
1. 載入主要開機載入程式,通常稱之為階段1。這主要開機載入程式必須存在一個非常小的空間配置作為MBR,它需小於512Bytes。因此,主要開機載入程式只有一件事,就是載入次要開機載入程式,由於MBR這裡沒有足夠空間。
2. 載入次要開機載入程式,通常稱之為階段2。這次要開機載入程式真正的帶起先進的機能那將允許你載入一個特殊的作業系統。有GRUB,這程式它永許你去顯示一個表單或輸入指令。
3. 載入作業系統,例如Linux核心,在一個明確指定的分割區。一旦GRUB收到正確的指令對作業系統啟始,不是從它的指令列或是配置檔案,它找到必要開機檔案與支配全部機器作業系統的控制。
注意:一些檔案系統,和檔案系統配置一樣,可能需要一個階段1.5 ,檔案實質上缺口的橋樑介於主要與次要開機載入程式。


例如,如果階段2開機載入程式檔案是利用一個檔案系統去切割出來的分割區,那階段1開機載入程式不能存取,它可能被指向階段1開機載入程式去載入附加的指令,從階段1.5檔案允許她去讀取階段2開機載入程式檔案。關於更多資訊,請參考GRUB資訊網頁。

上述的開機方法是被呼叫直接載入,因為指令被使用直接載入作業系統,在沒有媒介程式碼在開機載入程式與作業系統的主要檔案(像是核心)之間,這開機處理使用藉由不同作業系統可能有些微的不同。

例如,微軟的DOS與視窗作業系統有徹底覆寫在MBR上的任何東西的傾向,當它們被安裝沒有包含正確MBR的任何配置。
這毀壞存在MBR上的所有資訊由其他的作業系統,例如Red Hat Linux。微軟作業系統,像各式各樣其他種作業系統,被載入使用鏈結載入開機的方法。
有了這個方法,MBR簡易指向持有作業系統的第一個分割磁區,哪裡它找出特殊必要的檔案,去開啟那真正的作業系統。

GRUB支援兩者直接跟鏈結載入開機方法。幾乎任何形式的作業系統,最受歡迎的檔案系統都可能使用它,還有幾乎所有系統BIOS都可以識別它。


GRUB包含特徵的數值,那會使得它比其他可利用的開機載入程式更好。這些都是重要的:




2011年4月29日 星期五

Operating system indicator for MBR(MBR操作系統指示碼)

Value(值)    Description(描述)
00h              empty partition-table entry                                          
01h              DOS 12-bit FAT                                                       
02h              XENIX root file system                                               
03h              XENIX /usr file system (obsolete)                                    
04h              DOS 16-bit FAT (up to 32M)                                           
05h              DOS 3.3+ extended partition                                          
06h              DOS 3.31+ Large File System (16-bit FAT, over 32M)                   
07h              QNX                                                                  
07h              OS/2 HPFS                                                            
07h              Windows NT NTFS                                                      
07h              Advanced Unix                                                        
07h              see partition boot record; could be any of the above or others       
08h              OS/2 (v1.0-1.3 only)                                                 
08h              AIX bootable partition, SplitDrive                                   
08h              Commodore DOS                                                        
08h              DELL partition spanning multiple drives                              
09h              AIX data partition                                                   
09h              Coherent filesystem                                                  
0Ah              OS/2 Boot Manager                                                    
0Ah              OPUS                                                                 
0Ah              Coherent swap partition                                              
0Bh              Windows95 with 32-bit FAT                                            
0Ch              Windows95 with 32-bit FAT (using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions)         
0Eh              logical-block-addressable VFAT (same as 06h but using LBA-mode INT 13)
0Fh              logical-block-addressable VFAT (same as 05h but using LBA-mode INT 13)
10h              OPUS                                                                 
11h              OS/2 Boot Manager hidden 12-bit FAT partition                        
12h              Compaq Diagnostics partition                                         
14h              (resulted from using Novell DOS 7.0 FDISK to delete Linux Native part)
14h              OS/2 Boot Manager hidden sub-32M 16-bit FAT partition                
16h              OS/2 Boot Manager hidden over-32M 16-bit FAT partition               
17h              OS/2 Boot Manager hidden HPFS partition                              
17h              hidden NTFS partition                                                
18h              AST special Windows swap file ("Zero-Volt Suspend" partition)        
19h              Willowtech Photon coS                                                
1Bh              hidden Windows95 FAT32 partition                                     
1Ch              hidden Windows95 FAT32 partition (using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions)  
1Eh              hidden LBA VFAT partition                                            
20h              Willowsoft Overture File System (OFS1)                               
21h              officially listed as reserved                                        
21h              FSo2                                                                 
23h              officially listed as reserved                                        
24h              NEC MS-DOS 3.x                                                       
26h              officially listed as reserved                                        
31h              officially listed as reserved                                        
33h              officially listed as reserved                                        
34h              officially listed as reserved                                        
36h              officially listed as reserved                                        
38h              Theos                                                                
3Ch              PowerQuest PartitionMagic recovery partition                         
40h              VENIX 80286                                                          
41h              Personal RISC Boot                                                   
41h              PowerPC boot partition                                               
42h              SFS (Secure File System) by Peter Gutmann                            
45h              EUMEL/Elan                                                           
46h              EUMEL/Elan                                                           
47h              EUMEL/Elan                                                           
48h              EUMEL/Elan                                                           
4Fh              Oberon boot/data partition                                           
50h              OnTrack Disk Manager, read-only partition                            
51h              OnTrack Disk Manager, read/write partition                           
51h              NOVELL                                                               
52h              CP/M                                                                 
52h              Microport System V/386                                               
53h              OnTrack Disk Manager, write-only partition???                        
54h              OnTrack Disk Manager (DDO)                                           
55h              EZ-Drive (see also INT 13/AH=FFh"EZ-Drive")                          
56h              GoldenBow VFeature                                                   
5Ch              Priam EDISK                                                          
61h              SpeedStor                                                            
63h              Unix SysV/386, 386/ix                                                
63h              Mach, MtXinu BSD 4.3 on Mach                                         
63h              GNU HURD                                                             
64h              Novell NetWare 286                                                   
64h              SpeedStore                                                           
65h              Novell NetWare (3.11)                                                
67h              Novell                                                               
68h              Novell                                                               
69h              Novell                                                               
70h              DiskSecure Multi-Boot                                                
71h              officially listed as reserved                                        
73h              officially listed as reserved                                        
74h              officially listed as reserved                                        
75h              PC/IX                                                                
76h              officially listed as reserved                                        
7Eh              F.I.X.                                                               
80h              Minix v1.1 - 1.4a                                                    
81h              Minix v1.4b+                                                         
81h              Linux                                                                
81h              Mitac Advanced Disk Manager                                          
82h              Linux Swap partition                                                 
82h              Prime                                                                
82h              Solaris (Unix)                                                       
83h              Linux native file system (ext2fs/xiafs)                              
84h              OS/2-renumbered type 04h partition (related to hiding DOS C: drive)  
85h              Linux EXT                                                            
86h              FAT16 volume/stripe set (Windows NT)                                 
87h              HPFS Fault-Tolerant mirrored partition                               
87h              NTFS volume/stripe set                                               
93h              Amoeba file system                                                   
94h              Amoeba bad block table                                               
98h              Datalight ROM-DOS SuperBoot                                          
99h              Mylex EISA SCSI                                                      
A0h              Phoenix NoteBIOS Power Management "Save-to-Disk" partition           
A1h              officially listed as reserved                                        
A3h              officially listed as reserved                                        
A4h              officially listed as reserved                                        
A5h              FreeBSD, BSD/386                                                     
A6h              OpenBSD                                                              
A9h              NetBSD
B1h              officially listed as reserved                                        
B3h              officially listed as reserved                                        
B4h              officially listed as reserved                                        
B6h              officially listed as reserved                                        
B6h              Windows NT mirror set (master), FAT16 file system                    
B7h              BSDI file system (secondarily swap)                                  
B7h              Windows NT mirror set (master), NTFS file system                     
B8h              BSDI swap partition (secondarily file system)                        
BEh              Solaris boot partition                                               
C0h              DR DOS/DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partition                           
C0h              CTOS                                                                 
C1h              DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured 12-bit FAT partition                    
C4h              DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured 16-bit FAT partition                    
C6h              DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured Huge partition                          
C6h              corrupted FAT16 volume/stripe set (Windows NT)                       
C6h              Windows NT mirror set (slave), FAT16 file system                     
C7h              Syrinx Boot                                                          
C7h              corrupted NTFS volume/stripe set                                     
C7h              Windows NT mirror set (slave), NTFS file system                      
CBh              Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS/OpenDOS secured FAT32                     
CCh              Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS secured FAT32 (LBA)                       
CEh              Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS secured FAT16 (LBA)                       
D0h              Multiuser DOS secured FAT12                                          
D1h              Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT12                                      
D4h              Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT16 (<= 32M)                             
D5h              Old Multiuser DOS secured extended partition                         
D6h              Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT16 (> 32M)                              
D8h              CP/M-86                                                              
DBh              CP/M, Concurrent CP/M, Concurrent DOS                                
DBh              CTOS (Convergent Technologies OS)                                    
E1h              SpeedStor 12-bit FAT extended partition                              
E2h              DOS read-only (Florian Painke's XFDISK 1.0.4)                        
E3h              DOS read-only                                                        
E3h              Storage Dimensions                                                   
E4h              SpeedStor 16-bit FAT extended partition                              
E5h              officially listed as reserved                                        
E6h              officially listed as reserved                                        
EBh              BeOS BFS (BFS1)                                                      
F1h              Storage Dimensions                                                   
F2h              DOS 3.3+ secondary partition                                         
F3h              officially listed as reserved                                        
F4h              SpeedStor                                                            
F4h              Storage Dimensions                                                   
F5h              Prologue                                                             
F6h              officially listed as reserved                                        
FEh              LANstep                                                              
FEh              IBM PS/2 IML (Initial Microcode Load) partition                      
FFh              Xenix bad block table